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OWASP Top 10 Explained for Beginners

The OWASP Top 10 lists the most critical web application security risks. Every aspiring ethical hacker should understand all ten and practice exploitation in legal labs. Cyfotok covers most categories with dedicated hands-on exercises.

Published 1 June 2025Updated 1 June 2026

A01 Broken Access Control

IDOR, forced browsing, missing function-level checks. Practice: IDOR labs.

A02 Cryptographic Failures

Weak encryption, exposed secrets, plaintext passwords. Practice: JWT labs with weak secrets.

A03 Injection

SQL, OS command, LDAP injection. Practice: SQLi and command injection labs.

A04-A10 summary

A04 Insecure Design — business logic flaws. A05 Security Misconfiguration — default creds, verbose errors. A06 Vulnerable Components — outdated libraries. A07 Auth Failures — session fixation, weak passwords. A08 Integrity Failures — insecure deserialization. A09 Logging Failures — no audit trail. A10 SSRF — server fetches attacker URLs.

Learning path

One OWASP category per week. Read OWASP doc → Cyfotok lab → write 200-word summary. Complete all ten in 10-12 weeks.

Frequently asked questions

OWASP 2021 vs 2025?
Categories evolve but core concepts persist. Labs teach timeless vulnerability patterns regardless of list version.

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Ready to practice?

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